Coordinating Distributed Energy Resources and Utility-Scale Battery Energy Storage System for Power Flexibility Provision Under Uncertainty

Relying on the power flexibility of distributed energy resources (DERs) located in an active distribution network (ADN), this ADN will be able to provide upper-layer grid at their point common coupling (PCC). The is defined as additional bi-directional active/reactive powers a resource can by adjusting its operating point. In context, paper presents two-stage management method deliver, PCC, that operator would request minutes-ahead real-time operation. first stage updates set-points DERs considering offer curves well uncertainties stem from short-term forecast errors demand and renewable generation profiles. inter-temporal constraints losses are accounted for exploiting linearized dynamic optimal flow model, whereby implemented linear scenario-based optimization problem. Then, operation, relying problem, second adjusts injection utility-scale battery storage system (ESS) mitigate imbalance PCC inherent above-mentioned uncertainties. performance proposed tested case real city Aigle southwest Switzerland.